I've been reflecting on our relatively somber holiday season, which reports the weakest holiday shopping I've ever seen growing up in Southern California. Currently a glass-half-full type, I think that this unfortunate economic time forces us to remember what's important: family and friends, love and support, hope and faith, peace and joy (all those good ole holiday buzzwords). So the economic weather is frightful, and maybe you lost your job, or feel hopeless about finding one. But keep that fire inside you burning, baby, because you've got people who love you, and apparently, the web is here to comfort you, too. (Just ignore the stock reports, if you're feeling particularly down.)
Oh the weather outside is frightful
But the fire is so delightful
And since we've no place to go
Let it snow, let it snow, let it snow!
Here's an article I read on Business Week: The Recession: My Facebook, My Therapy. There's so much I can say about it.
For now, here are the highlights of my immediate reactions:
1.) While stimulating the economy at my local Barnes and Noble the other day, I heard a woman in line saying, "It's a great thing to see a book store doing so well in this economy." The article mentions that we can't freeze the economy in its current state, so keeping your budget limitations in mind, do as I do, and help where you can - buy a few books, a meal at your local mom and pop restaurant, or something - anything! All but one of my books were guilt-free finds under $10.
2.) It's interesting to me that Facebook, LinkedIn and other social networks are bringing so much warmth to the growing victims of unemployment. I have so much faith in the future of the web to harness genuine community and connectivity in a more personal way than I have criticized it for at times in the past. Perhaps we will one day paint the internet in a more human way with social networks, and it's just taking us some time. We have to get it right, to evolve the web in a direction that celebrates our humanity (the good, the bad, and the ugly) rather than away from it. Diverse as we all may be, the world is bound in the global economic crisis, and we inevitably share common ground in other areas too. Who would have thought that family could be forged on the World Wide Web, as people get together to stay strong (or at the very least to say, "I am not alone") during these tough times? Armed with this strength and support from strangers online, they can hopefully build up the resolve to reach out to family and friends in their everyday lives.
3.) The danger is when we use the internet purely to exacerbate, self-medicate or distract entirely from what we're living in the space of reality. The weather outside is frightful, but face it, embrace it, no matter how you hate coming out in the storm. Take that shovel out, and let's dig. And maybe we'll find that there is a place to go after all.
So don't get discouraged. Keep fighting. I have high hopes for the New Year. Let's pursue resolutions like never before, and hopefully watch the whole world change...
Wednesday, December 24, 2008
Wednesday, December 10, 2008
My Final Undergraduate Essay: Youth Media Consumption and International Awareness
International Journalism
Youth Consumption of Journalism and International News
In May of 2006, National Geographic reported research findings that youth aged 18-24 are geographically illiterate. According to the survey, “Despite nearly constant news coverage since the war [in Iraq] began in 2003, 63 percent of [them] failed to correctly locate the country on a map of the Middle East. Seventy percent could not find Iran or Israel… Even for U.S. geography, the survey results are just as dismal. Half could not find New York State on a map of the United States”. Basic geography skills also suffer: “only two-thirds could indicate which way northwest is on a map”. National Geographic rightfully asks if we, the U.S. youth even care that we were in the bottom two during the 2002 geographical study that included youth from Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Sweden, and Great Britain. Pressure is being put on educational institutions, the media, and the Millenial generation to realize that international “knowledge is essential for survival in our rapidly globalizing world” 1.
In an age of information overload and international news “under-load” the message appears to be lost on today’s American youth. Now, more than ever, American journalism must evaluate the nature of news media consumption for the sake of our futures, and make critical decisions about what is more important, news sales or global citizenship, and how we can maximize the technological evolution of journalism.
The talk of American journalism lately has been the state of the U.S. economy, but while the financial economy suffers, another economy, our information economy, suffers relatively quietly. The internet is a mess of information, and it is the messy room that youth live in, a cyber space that many older generations fail to understand. While many baby boomers still take the morning paper with their coffee, we are checking our e-mail, updating our Facebook or Myspace accounts, scoping our favorite blog, and viewing a You Tube video we found on a link somewhere. The Pew Research Center for People and the Press categorized news consumers into four categories: Integrators, Net-Newsers, Traditionalists, and the Disengaged. The largest group of news consumers is the traditionalist group, median age fifty-two, and a huge proponent of traditional television news channels and newspapers. Integrators, which comprise 23% of the surveyed population, are thought to be more engaged and sophisticated for their use of net and traditional sources (print, television, radio). A striking 44% of college grads say they get their news online daily, but the proportion of their peers getting no news has increased substantially over the past decade.
Net-Newsers (13%) is a likely category for these relatively affluent and educated young Americans; they are characterized by their appreciation for interactive web features, and new technologies. Of them, 30% prefer news clips on the net, compared to 18% who still watch traditional television broadcasts, and 26% read blogs regularly. The younger, more educated crowd often supports cable news, and ‘infotainment’ programs with large partisan divisions like The Colbert Report, and The Daily Show with John Stewart. Many of them have smart phones, whose owners (37%) check news daily using web-access through their iPhones or Blackberries. The internet has served to provide ‘world-wide’ connectivity and a broader range of places to find news and related multimedia. Since we suffer from information overload, many newsfeed sites like Digg, offer a niche-ier news community that caters specifically to youth interests (technology, pop culture, entertainment, sports etc.). The World Wide Web, in effect, has bred an international phenomenon of self-interest: we pick and choose what sorts of news is important to us, at the expense of global awareness. It is no surprise, then, that youth, led by the limitless links on the internet, tend to “graze” online information, focus on what is interesting to them personally, and customize (or limit) their knowledge accordingly2.
The Project for Excellence in Journalism (Journalism.Org) is also concerned with the “oversupply” problem afflicting American Journalism. The resulting tendency to create news niches with “news you can use” means that we ignore issues that were really important to the craft of journalism in previous generations: monitoring the government, for example, or keeping up with foreign affairs. The movement has become so much more about news the people want versus the broader scope of news that they need. This leads to more biases and stereotypes, “compassion fatigue”, and increasingly diluted hard news. And the internet is not necessarily to blame. The rise of credible bloggers, online think tanks, and citizen journalism shows promise for the future. The State of the News Media annual report (2007) asserts that “The key question is whether the investment community sees the news business as a declining industry or an emerging one in transition.” Are we going to continue in the direction of “franchising” and “branding” our news, or re-direct our focus on brain-food for our citizens? Put this way, news should not be seen primarily as an industry, but as a necessity that must transition upward.
We must make a return to global awareness. In a September 1996 New York Times article entitled “Foreign Coverage Less Prominent in News Magazines”, writer Robin Pogrebin discusses “the proliferation of domestic news” trend that we still see today. On the back end of this is the observation of editors of news magazines and foreign policy experts, who say “there is something deeper at work, that since Vietnam and even more so since the cold war, there has been a gradual but significant lessening of interest in matters overseas”. In 1995, Time devoted 14 percent of the magazine to international news, according to Hall's Magazine Editorial Reports, which analyzes the editorial content of most consumer magazines. Just a decade before, in 1985, Time had 24 percent. “But editors,” as reported by Pogrebin, “say they are simply responding to their readers, who care most about international news that directly affects them, a criterion that is increasingly difficult to meet”. Some journalists warned against the danger national self-interest posed to the integrity of journalism, saying that it could lead to an “unhealthy, ill-informed isolationism”. It appears that life-style and consumer interest stories will consume our status as a world power if we continue to let ourselves focus on ''low-cholesterol diets, science, the dinosaurs, life on Mars…''3.
The youth, and the future, are inheriting this ego-centric attitude toward the news. In December of 2003, the New York Times reported that the Dallas Morning News had hired a man with an advertising background to investigate “how to persuade more young readers, particularly those from their late teens to their mid-30's, to pick up a newspaper”. Several hundred young people in the Dallas area were asked to describe their dream newspaper: “a publication with big, bright photographs and snappy articles that focused heavily on subjects like entertainment, all wrapped in a package so thin that it could be scanned in the time it took to ride an elevator”4. While this sample of youth was taken from one small area of the nation, it serves to illuminate national trends: youth looking to news that satisfies their wants in a way that is fun and immediately gratifying. Now, imagine whether or not such a “dream” publication would venture to report global issues like HIV/AIDS, poverty, death tolls in Iraq…or anything else that shatters these dreams with an uglier reality.
Studies conducted by the Readership Institute at the Media Management Center (2003) suggest that young readers spend less time reading newspapers than their parents did at their age and certainly less time than their parents do now. The study shows that nearly 40 percent of Americans aged 18 to 24 do not read a paper at all, compared to fewer than 30 percent of 45- to 64-year-olds. What is even more unsettling is that one of the institute leaders focused on the implications of these results for the newspapers, and not so much the impact this would have on society’s well-being. It is not the volume of news publications sold that we should dwell on, but the loss of valuable information on future generations. Let us hope that youth get informed soon, through print or other ways.
Perhaps we need another rescue plan (this is not in reference to the Wall Street bail-outs), one for a lesser known beneficiary – public television, radio and other independent media. In 2005, the Ford Foundation, recognizing the declining state of American Journalism, supported National Public Radio, Public Broadcasting Service, Link TV (connecting the U.S. to the world), and the Sundance Documentary Fund (focused on human rights issues), among other organizations and efforts.
The primary goal was to bolster international affairs, and fair and accurate reporting5.
Other independent organizations are doing their best to mobilize international youth to get informed about the state of the world beyond their own borders and to keep up with news in general. Youthink.Worldbank.Org, a project spear-headed by the World Bank and aimed at cultivating cross-cultural dialogue and continued inquiry, is just one example. Our daily interactions with the internet and other technologies can make finding the truth seem like a daunting task. Due to the diversity of news sources and overwhelming media biases, we do not know which paper to read, which show to watch, which link to click. We are intimidated by a slew of information – piled high, burying the global issues that demand awareness. But in due time, I am confident that we will be able to better organize and tackle our increasingly diverse sources of news. I anticipate that one day we will learn to maximize social networks, online communities, and multimedia in the effort to become more educated, in solidarity with our international peers.
Journalism.Org’s Major Trends in 2007 section observes that “while journalists are becoming more serious about the Web, no clear models of how to do journalism online really exist yet”. I believe that the answer lies strongly with our youth, and the next generation of journalists, who are growing up on the web. In our hunger for cyber interaction, we need to revisit what forms of interaction are more worthwhile for our news diets. The Youth DNA study on one-hundred young people in ten different countries and how they approach the news (as reported by the World Association of News), offers suggestions: utilizing multiple sources, exercising more active journalistic practices, looking beyond self-interest, digging deeper, and discussing news with others.
1 Roach, John. Young Americans Geographically Illiterate, Survey Suggests. National Geographic News. 2 May, 2006.
2 Key News Audiences Now Blend Online and Traditional Sources. The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. 17 August, 2008.
3 Pogrebin, Robin. Foreign Coverage Less Prominent in News Magazines. 23 September, 1996. New York Times.
4 Steinberg, Jacques. Technology and Media: To Grab Young Readers, Newspapers Print Free Jazzy Editions. 1 December 2003. New York Times.
5 Manly, Lorne, and Jensen, Elizabeth. Public TV and Radio to Receive Big Grants. 10 May 2005. New York Times.
Youth Consumption of Journalism and International News
In May of 2006, National Geographic reported research findings that youth aged 18-24 are geographically illiterate. According to the survey, “Despite nearly constant news coverage since the war [in Iraq] began in 2003, 63 percent of [them] failed to correctly locate the country on a map of the Middle East. Seventy percent could not find Iran or Israel… Even for U.S. geography, the survey results are just as dismal. Half could not find New York State on a map of the United States”. Basic geography skills also suffer: “only two-thirds could indicate which way northwest is on a map”. National Geographic rightfully asks if we, the U.S. youth even care that we were in the bottom two during the 2002 geographical study that included youth from Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Sweden, and Great Britain. Pressure is being put on educational institutions, the media, and the Millenial generation to realize that international “knowledge is essential for survival in our rapidly globalizing world” 1.
In an age of information overload and international news “under-load” the message appears to be lost on today’s American youth. Now, more than ever, American journalism must evaluate the nature of news media consumption for the sake of our futures, and make critical decisions about what is more important, news sales or global citizenship, and how we can maximize the technological evolution of journalism.
The talk of American journalism lately has been the state of the U.S. economy, but while the financial economy suffers, another economy, our information economy, suffers relatively quietly. The internet is a mess of information, and it is the messy room that youth live in, a cyber space that many older generations fail to understand. While many baby boomers still take the morning paper with their coffee, we are checking our e-mail, updating our Facebook or Myspace accounts, scoping our favorite blog, and viewing a You Tube video we found on a link somewhere. The Pew Research Center for People and the Press categorized news consumers into four categories: Integrators, Net-Newsers, Traditionalists, and the Disengaged. The largest group of news consumers is the traditionalist group, median age fifty-two, and a huge proponent of traditional television news channels and newspapers. Integrators, which comprise 23% of the surveyed population, are thought to be more engaged and sophisticated for their use of net and traditional sources (print, television, radio). A striking 44% of college grads say they get their news online daily, but the proportion of their peers getting no news has increased substantially over the past decade.
Net-Newsers (13%) is a likely category for these relatively affluent and educated young Americans; they are characterized by their appreciation for interactive web features, and new technologies. Of them, 30% prefer news clips on the net, compared to 18% who still watch traditional television broadcasts, and 26% read blogs regularly. The younger, more educated crowd often supports cable news, and ‘infotainment’ programs with large partisan divisions like The Colbert Report, and The Daily Show with John Stewart. Many of them have smart phones, whose owners (37%) check news daily using web-access through their iPhones or Blackberries. The internet has served to provide ‘world-wide’ connectivity and a broader range of places to find news and related multimedia. Since we suffer from information overload, many newsfeed sites like Digg, offer a niche-ier news community that caters specifically to youth interests (technology, pop culture, entertainment, sports etc.). The World Wide Web, in effect, has bred an international phenomenon of self-interest: we pick and choose what sorts of news is important to us, at the expense of global awareness. It is no surprise, then, that youth, led by the limitless links on the internet, tend to “graze” online information, focus on what is interesting to them personally, and customize (or limit) their knowledge accordingly2.
The Project for Excellence in Journalism (Journalism.Org) is also concerned with the “oversupply” problem afflicting American Journalism. The resulting tendency to create news niches with “news you can use” means that we ignore issues that were really important to the craft of journalism in previous generations: monitoring the government, for example, or keeping up with foreign affairs. The movement has become so much more about news the people want versus the broader scope of news that they need. This leads to more biases and stereotypes, “compassion fatigue”, and increasingly diluted hard news. And the internet is not necessarily to blame. The rise of credible bloggers, online think tanks, and citizen journalism shows promise for the future. The State of the News Media annual report (2007) asserts that “The key question is whether the investment community sees the news business as a declining industry or an emerging one in transition.” Are we going to continue in the direction of “franchising” and “branding” our news, or re-direct our focus on brain-food for our citizens? Put this way, news should not be seen primarily as an industry, but as a necessity that must transition upward.
We must make a return to global awareness. In a September 1996 New York Times article entitled “Foreign Coverage Less Prominent in News Magazines”, writer Robin Pogrebin discusses “the proliferation of domestic news” trend that we still see today. On the back end of this is the observation of editors of news magazines and foreign policy experts, who say “there is something deeper at work, that since Vietnam and even more so since the cold war, there has been a gradual but significant lessening of interest in matters overseas”. In 1995, Time devoted 14 percent of the magazine to international news, according to Hall's Magazine Editorial Reports, which analyzes the editorial content of most consumer magazines. Just a decade before, in 1985, Time had 24 percent. “But editors,” as reported by Pogrebin, “say they are simply responding to their readers, who care most about international news that directly affects them, a criterion that is increasingly difficult to meet”. Some journalists warned against the danger national self-interest posed to the integrity of journalism, saying that it could lead to an “unhealthy, ill-informed isolationism”. It appears that life-style and consumer interest stories will consume our status as a world power if we continue to let ourselves focus on ''low-cholesterol diets, science, the dinosaurs, life on Mars…''3.
The youth, and the future, are inheriting this ego-centric attitude toward the news. In December of 2003, the New York Times reported that the Dallas Morning News had hired a man with an advertising background to investigate “how to persuade more young readers, particularly those from their late teens to their mid-30's, to pick up a newspaper”. Several hundred young people in the Dallas area were asked to describe their dream newspaper: “a publication with big, bright photographs and snappy articles that focused heavily on subjects like entertainment, all wrapped in a package so thin that it could be scanned in the time it took to ride an elevator”4. While this sample of youth was taken from one small area of the nation, it serves to illuminate national trends: youth looking to news that satisfies their wants in a way that is fun and immediately gratifying. Now, imagine whether or not such a “dream” publication would venture to report global issues like HIV/AIDS, poverty, death tolls in Iraq…or anything else that shatters these dreams with an uglier reality.
Studies conducted by the Readership Institute at the Media Management Center (2003) suggest that young readers spend less time reading newspapers than their parents did at their age and certainly less time than their parents do now. The study shows that nearly 40 percent of Americans aged 18 to 24 do not read a paper at all, compared to fewer than 30 percent of 45- to 64-year-olds. What is even more unsettling is that one of the institute leaders focused on the implications of these results for the newspapers, and not so much the impact this would have on society’s well-being. It is not the volume of news publications sold that we should dwell on, but the loss of valuable information on future generations. Let us hope that youth get informed soon, through print or other ways.
Perhaps we need another rescue plan (this is not in reference to the Wall Street bail-outs), one for a lesser known beneficiary – public television, radio and other independent media. In 2005, the Ford Foundation, recognizing the declining state of American Journalism, supported National Public Radio, Public Broadcasting Service, Link TV (connecting the U.S. to the world), and the Sundance Documentary Fund (focused on human rights issues), among other organizations and efforts.
The primary goal was to bolster international affairs, and fair and accurate reporting5.
Other independent organizations are doing their best to mobilize international youth to get informed about the state of the world beyond their own borders and to keep up with news in general. Youthink.Worldbank.Org, a project spear-headed by the World Bank and aimed at cultivating cross-cultural dialogue and continued inquiry, is just one example. Our daily interactions with the internet and other technologies can make finding the truth seem like a daunting task. Due to the diversity of news sources and overwhelming media biases, we do not know which paper to read, which show to watch, which link to click. We are intimidated by a slew of information – piled high, burying the global issues that demand awareness. But in due time, I am confident that we will be able to better organize and tackle our increasingly diverse sources of news. I anticipate that one day we will learn to maximize social networks, online communities, and multimedia in the effort to become more educated, in solidarity with our international peers.
Journalism.Org’s Major Trends in 2007 section observes that “while journalists are becoming more serious about the Web, no clear models of how to do journalism online really exist yet”. I believe that the answer lies strongly with our youth, and the next generation of journalists, who are growing up on the web. In our hunger for cyber interaction, we need to revisit what forms of interaction are more worthwhile for our news diets. The Youth DNA study on one-hundred young people in ten different countries and how they approach the news (as reported by the World Association of News), offers suggestions: utilizing multiple sources, exercising more active journalistic practices, looking beyond self-interest, digging deeper, and discussing news with others.
1 Roach, John. Young Americans Geographically Illiterate, Survey Suggests. National Geographic News. 2 May, 2006.
2 Key News Audiences Now Blend Online and Traditional Sources. The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. 17 August, 2008.
3 Pogrebin, Robin. Foreign Coverage Less Prominent in News Magazines. 23 September, 1996. New York Times.
4 Steinberg, Jacques. Technology and Media: To Grab Young Readers, Newspapers Print Free Jazzy Editions. 1 December 2003. New York Times.
5 Manly, Lorne, and Jensen, Elizabeth. Public TV and Radio to Receive Big Grants. 10 May 2005. New York Times.
Thursday, September 18, 2008
Social Media Will Change Your Business
BUSINESS WEEK:Technology February 20, 2008, 12:01AM EST
Social Media Will Change Your Business
Look past the yakkers, hobbyists, and political mobs. Your customers and rivals are figuring blogs out. Our advice: Catch up…or catch you later
by Stephen Baker and Heather Green
Editor's note: When we published "Blogs Will Change Your Business" in May, 2005, Twittering was an activity dominated by small birds. Truth is, we didn't see MySpace coming. Facebook was still an Ivy League sensation. Despite the onrush of technology, however, thousands of visitors are still downloading the original cover story.
So we decided to update it. Over the past month, we've been calling many of the original sources and asking the Blogspotting community to help revise the 2005 report. We've placed fixes and updates into more than 20 notes; to view them, click on the blue icons. If you see more details to fix, please leave comments. The role of blogs in business is clearly an ongoing story.
First, the headline. Blogs were the heart of the story in 2005. But they're just one of the tools millions can use today to lift their voices in electronic communities and create their own media. Social networks like Facebook and MySpace, video sites like YouTube, mini blog engines like Twitter—they've all emerged in the last three years, and all are nourished by users. Social Media: It's clunkier language than blogs, but we're not putting it on the cover anyway. We're just fixing it.
Monday 9:30 a.m. It's time for a frank talk. And no, it can't wait. We know, we know: Most of you are sick to death of blogs. Don't even want to hear about these millions of online journals that link together into a vast network. And yes, there's plenty out there not to like. Self-obsession, politics of hate, and the same hunger for fame that has people lining up to trade punches on The Jerry Springer Show. Name just about anything that's sick in our society today, and it's on parade in the blogs. On lots of them, even the writing stinks.
Go ahead and bellyache about blogs. But you cannot afford to close your eyes to them, because they're simply the most explosive outbreak in the information world since the Internet itself. And they're going to shake up just about every business—including yours. It doesn't matter whether you're shipping paper clips, pork bellies, or videos of Britney in a bikini, blogs are a phenomenon that you cannot ignore, postpone, or delegate. Given the changes barreling down upon us, blogs are not a business elective. They're a prerequisite. (And yes, that goes for us, too.)
There's a little problem, though. Many of you don't visit blogs—or haven't since blogs became a sensation in last year's Presidential race. According to a Pew Research Center Survey, only 27% Some newer numbers: According to Forrester, 11.2% of online adults in the U.S. publish a blog at least once a month. Of the same group, 24.8% read a blog and 13.7% comment on a blog at least once a month. The numbers are higher for youths. Of online youths, 20.8% publish a blog, 36.6% read a blog, and 26.4% comment on a blog at least once a month. But I suspect the numbers are unreliable because many mainstream sites with millions of readers—celebrity site TMZ and gadget sites like Gizmodo—are actually blogs. But are all the readers aware of this? I doubt it. This is the blurring of the blog/mainstream divide, a theme we'll see again and again in these revisions. of Internet users in America now bother to read them. So we're going to take you into the world of blogs by delivering this story—call it Blogs 101 for businesses—in the style of a blog. We're even sprinkling it with links. These are underlined words that, when clicked, carry readers of this story's online version to another Web page. This all may make for a strange experience, but it's the closest we can come to reaching out from the page, grabbing you by the collar, and shaking you into action.
First, a few numbers. There are some 9 million blogs out there, Yes, there were 9 million, but how many of them were active? Probably only a fraction. In early 2008, says Technorati Chairman David Sifry, the search company indexes 112 million blogs, with 120,000 new ones popping up each day. But only 11% of these blogs, he says, have posted within the past two months. That means the active universe is closer to 13 million blogs. Kevin Burton, CEO of FeedBlog, argues that the number should be lower, from 2 million to 4 million blogs. with 40,000 new ones popping up each day. Some discuss poetry, others constitutional law. And, yes, many are plain silly. "Mommy tells me it may rain today. Oh Yucky Dee Doo," reads only one April Posting. Let's assume that 99.9% are equally off point. What we didn't see in early 2005 was the advent of the spam blog. These blogs, produced automatically, are designed to show up in search results and to attract Google advertisements known as Adsense. Sifry estimates that fully 99% of the blog posts reaching search engines are spam. So what? That leaves some 40 new ones every day that could be talking about your business, engaging your employees, or leaking those merger discussions you thought were hush-hush.
Give the paranoids their due. The overwhelming majority of the information the world spews out every day is digital—photos from camera phones, PowerPoint presentations, government filings, billions and billions of e-mails, even digital phone messages. With a couple of clicks, every one of these items can be broadcast into the blogosphere by anyone with an Internet hookup—or even a cell phone. If it's scandalous, a poisonous e-mail from a CEO, for example, or torture pictures from a prison camp, others link to it in a flash. And here's the killer: Blog posts linger on the Web forever.
Yet not all the news is scary. Ideas circulate as fast as scandal. Potential customers are out there, sniffing around for deals and partners. While you may be putting it off, you can bet that your competitors are exploring ways to harvest new ideas from blogs, sprinkle ads into them, and yes, find out what you and other competitors are up to.
More tomorrow.
Tuesday 6:35 a.m. How big are blogs? Try Johannes Gutenberg out for size. We attempted the chatty style of a blog. Not everyone appreciated it. Blogger Nick Carr cited this sentence and commented: "I'm so embarrassed." That said, the article might have left the impression that there's one style of writing for blogs. In fact, there are as many styles as there are bloggers. Everyone has the freedom to write however they want. His printing press, unveiled in 1440, sparked a publishing boom and an information revolution. Some say it led to the Protestant Reformation and Western democracy. Along the way, societies established the rights and rules of the game for the privileged few who could afford to buy printing presses and grind forests into paper.
The printing press set the model for mass media. A lucky handful owns the publishing machinery and controls the information. Whether at newspapers or global manufacturing giants, they decide what the masses will learn. This elite still holds sway at most companies. You know them. They generally park in sheltered spaces, have longer rides on elevators, and avoid the cafeteria. They keep the secrets safe and coif the company's message. Then they distribute it—usually on a need-to-know basis—to customers, employees, investors, and the press.
That's the world of mass media, and the blogs are turning it on its head. Set up a free account at Blogger or other blog services, and you see right away that the cost of publishing has fallen practically to zero. Any dolt with a working computer and an Internet connection can become a blog publisher in the 10 minutes it takes to sign up.
Sure, most blogs are painfully primitive. That's not the point. They represent power. Look at it this way: In the age of mass media, publications like ours print the news. Sources try to get quoted, but the decision is ours. Ditto with letters to the editor. Now instead of just speaking through us, they can blog. And if they master the ins and outs of this new art—like how to get other bloggers to link to them—they reach a huge audience.
This is just the beginning. Many of the same folks who developed blogs are busy adding features so that bloggers can start up music and video channels and team up on editorial projects. The divide between the publishers and the public is collapsing. This turns mass media upside down. It creates media of the masses.
How does business change when everyone is a potential publisher? A vast new stretch of the information world opens up. For now, it's a digital hinterland. The laws and norms covering fairness, advertising, and libel? They don't exist, not yet anyway. But one thing is clear: Companies over the past few centuries have gotten used to shaping their message. Now they're losing control of it.
Want to get it back? You never will, not entirely. But for a look at what you're facing, come along for a tour of the blogosphere.
Wednesday 7:38 a.m. Hmm. How to start this post? Idle talk about the weather, or maybe that red wine with dinner last night? No. Let's dive right in: One misstep Tim Bray, Sun's director of Web technologies, thinks we overstated the risks of company bloggers. He says that 4,000 bloggers at Sun, about 10% of the workforce, have had virtually no problems. And except for a few high-profile cases, like Mark Jen at Google, very few companies have had publicized problems with in-house bloggers. "I think there's a news story in the absence of carnage," he says. Jon Garfunkel responds on Blogspotting that a few punishments and firings could frighten in-house bloggers from "testing the limits"—and lead some of them to produce blog PR. and the blog world can have its way with you—even when the coolest, most tech-savvy companies are involved.
Google (GOOG) is regarded as a secretive company. So in January, when a young programmer named Mark Jen started blogging about his first days in the Googleplex, folks in the 'sphere instantly linked to him. Jen certainly wasn't dealing out inside dirt. But he griped that Google's health plan was less generous than his former employer's—Microsoft (MSFT)—and he argued, indignantly, that Google's free food was an enticement for employees to work past dinner.
Two weeks later, Google fired Jen. And that's when the 22-year-old became a big story. Google was blogbusted for overreacting and for sending an all-too-clear warning to the dozens of bloggers still at the company. A Google official says the company has lots of bloggers and just expects them to use common sense. For example, if it's something you wouldn't e-mail to a long list of strangers, don't blog it.
Jen clearly flunked that test. "As the media got hold of it, I was quickly educated," he says. He says he should have understood the company's goals and concerns better and been more sensitive to them. Still, his adventure turned him into an overnight celebrity. He was wooed by recruiters at Amazon.com (AMZN), Microsoft, and Yahoo! (YHOO) A month later, Jen landed a job at Plaxo, an Internet contact-management company. A key part of his job, says a company spokesperson, is to help coordinate Plaxo's blogging efforts—a pillar of Plaxo's promotional strategy. So what got him fired turned out to be his trump card. Plaxo, like many other companies, is now drawing up norms for blogging behavior, so that employees know what's in bounds, and what's not.
2:22 p.m. It sounds like the joke answer on a multiple-choice exam. Name a leading company in blog communications: General Motors?
That's right. For a company that's slipping in the auto biz, GM is showing a surprisingly nimble touch with blogs. GM uses them on occasion to steer past its own PR department and the mainstream press.
In January, Vice-Chairman Bob Lutz launched his own Bob Lutz blogs rarely these days on FastLane. He hands off much of the work to staffers, including PR. Many of the posts read like press releases. One recent post pointed readers to a speech that he said mentioned many of the points he had been too busy to blog! That said, FastLane still attracts lots of readers, and they leave comments. While the blog doesn't revolutionize GM's relations with customers, it provides a useful communications link. Perhaps equally important, it focuses some of the GM team on other blogs, where a lot of the car world is talking. FastLane Blog. Bloggers applauded, and car buffs flooded Lutz with suggestions and complaints. Lutz posted lots of barbs from outsiders and won points for balanced responses. Like his answer to criticisms of new Pontiacs: "Did you take a look at seat tailoring? Carpet fits?…hood gaps, hem flanges? We used to be bad at those, too."
But Lutz is only part of GM's blog strategy. In April the company yanked $10 million in advertising from the Los Angeles Times and demanded that the Times make retractions. Journalists asked GM for specific complaints, and the car company held off. It said it wanted to work quietly with the Times and not battle it out in the press.
How to get the word out through a back channel? GM directed journalists to a blog, AutomoBear.com, that detailed GM's beef. (It had to do with a comparison between two cars, which GM thought was unfair.) Both GM and Miro Pacic, the blogger at AutomoBear, say that GM provided Pacic with information but that no money passed hands.
Fair enough. But even if GM doesn't pay for positive coverage in blogs, just consider the possibilities in this new footloose media world. There's little to stop companies from quietly buying bloggers' support, or even starting unbranded blogs of their own to promote their products—or to tar the competition. This raises all kinds of questions about the ever-shrinking wall between advertising and editorial. We'll cover that later, when we get to the blogs' impact on our own business—the media.
Thursday 8:56 a.m. It's the latest wrinkle on Descartes. I blog therefore I… consult. An entire industry is rising up to guide companies into this frightening new realm. And the consultants establish their brands and reps with their blogs.
Perhaps the biggest is Steve Rubel. Sitting in his office at Edelman PR (he switched jobs in 2006) overlooking Times Square, Steve Rubel says that blogs have turned out to be less important for companies than he anticipated. "Outside of tech," he says, "big companies didn't jump in. They viewed the blog audience as niche. They weren't ready to be open, transparent, and loose." For advertising, he says companies are more drawn to social networks, where they have the potential to reach millions of customers. (We should stress that social networks, a megatrend in media, is not even mentioned in this 2005 story. The emergence of Facebook, MySpace, and others is one reason we should take "blogs" out of the headline.) In fact, it's worth mentioning that Rubel doesn't blog nearly as much as he used to. He regards blogs as just a piece of his communications arsenal. He uses it for longer pieces. For the short stuff, he sends out bursts of thought and links to what he's seeing and reading on Twitter, a microblogging technology. Thousands of people subscribe to his Twitters, which max out at 140 characters. On a Monday morning, he Twitters this message: "Sitting with Steve Baker of BW, wants to know why tweet?" Within 10 minutes, 20 responses flow in from all over the world. (Upshot: Baker now tweets at twitter.com/stevebaker.) A year ago, the exec at the PR firm CooperKatz & Co. started his blog, Micro Persuasion. He was already pushing such clients as WeatherBug and the Association of National Advertisers into the blog world. Then early one Sunday morning, as he recalls it, "my wife was sleeping, and I was sitting in the living room, laptop on my lap, and thinking if I am talking to clients and reading these blogs, I should jump in." When launching his site, he had the smarts to contact big shots such as Dan Gillmor, who was a leading blogger and tech reporter with the San Jose Mercury News. Gillmor linked to Rubel's site, and his traffic took off. It was great for his brand, and it also gave Rubel a blogger's education. "I became a living guinea pig for what I preach," he says.
Now Rubel is positioned as an all-knowing Thumper in a forest of clueless Bambis. The first job, he says, is to monitor the blogs to see what people are saying about your company. (An entire industry is growing to sell that service. Even IBM's (IBM) banging at the door.) Next step: Damage-control strategies. How to respond when blogs attack. He says companies have to learn to track what blogs are talking about, pinpoint influential bloggers, and figure out how to buttonhole them, privately and publicly.
He gives the example of Netflix (NFLX). When a fan blog called Hacking Netflix Hacking Netflix: The site continues to grow, and is now a major site for news from Netflix and Blockbuster. Both companies treat Mike Kaltschnee as a journalist. He puts subscription buttons on his site and gets a take of the revenue. He says the site does well, making money and attracting about 300,000 to 400,000 unique visitors per month. But he still hasn't quit his job as a software graphic programmer. asked the company for info and interviews last year, Netflix turned it down. How could they make time for all the bloggers? Predictably, the blogger, Mike Kaltschnee, aired the exchange, and Netflix faced a storm of public criticism. Now Netflix feeds info to Kaltschnee, and he passes along what he's hearing from the fans. Sounds like he's half journalist, half consultant—though he insists We should have used the word "says." "Insists" implies that he may not be telling the truth, which is not fair. Netflix doesn't pay him.
Friday 10:46 a.m. The question came up at a panel discussion last week: Any chance that a blog bubble could pop? The answer is really easy: no.
At least not an investment bubble. The potential bubbles are in Internet advertising and in Web 2.0 companies, including social networks. VC investment in Web 2.0 companies rose to $464 million in the first half of 2007, according to data released by Dow Jones VentureOne and Ernst & Young. Venture firms financed only $60 million in blog startups last year, according to industry tracker VentureOne. Chump change compared to the $19.9 billion that poured into dot-coms in 1999. The difference is that while dot-coms promised to make loads of money, blogs flex their power mostly by disrupting the status quo.
The bigger point, which is blindingly obvious when you think about it, is that the dot-com era was powered by companies—complete with programmers, marketing budgets, Aeron chairs, and burn rates. The masses of bloggers, by contrast, are normal folks with computers: no budget, no business plan, no burn rate, and—that's right—no bubble.
The role of the blog startups is to build tools for this grassroots uprising. Six Apart, In the last three years, Technorati has stumbled (below). PubSub, after failing to get venture funding, went belly-up. We also should have mentioned WordPress, a highly influential open-source blog platform. Neilsen BuzzMetrics is a power in blog analytics, as is Google. a four-year-old San Francisco company, leads in blog software. Technorati and PubSub Concepts are battling it out in blog search. The founders all insist that they plan to remain independent. But if recent history is any guide, most of them will wind up in the bellies of the blog-minded Internet giants—led by Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft. The latest to disappear was Flickr. A photo-sharing service that spread madly across the blog world, 13-month-old Flickr was still running its software in its beta, or testing, phase when it was acquired by Yahoo in March for an undisclosed sum. Caterina Fake, Flickr's co-founder, wrote about the deal in her blog the day it happened: "Don't forget to breathe. It's not the end, it's the beginning."
Monday 10:23 a.m. If this were a true blog, that last post would have generated a mountain of comments over the weekend, most of them with the same question: If there's no clear business model, why are the Internet giants so bent on getting a foothold in blogs? Look at it from their point of view. A vibrant community that has doubled in size in the past eight months is teeming with potential customers and has a mother lode of data to mine. "Blogs are what's causing the Web to grow," says Jason Goldman. He's project manager at Google's Blogger, the world's biggest service to set people up as bloggers.
David Sifry Technorati is no longer the king of blog search, and Sifry was deposed as CEO in 2007. Google entered the industry in summer 2006. But more meaningful than its stand-alone blog search was its growing ability to incorporate blog posts with Web search. Google is helping to erase the distinction between blogs and the rest of the Web. In doing so, it extends its dominance. looks at it a bit differently. He's a serial entrepreneur and founder of Technorati, the blog search engine.
For Sifry, it's not the growth of the same Web, but an entirely new one. It's wrapped up far more in people's day-to-day lives. It's connected to time. The way he describes it, the Web we've come to know is mostly a collection of documents. A library. These documents don't change much. Try Googling Donald Trump, and you're more likely to find his Web page than a discussion of his appearance last night on The Apprentice.
Blogs are different. They evolve with every posting, each one tied to a moment. So if a company can track millions of blogs simultaneously, it gets a heat map of what a growing part of the world is thinking about, minute by minute. E-mail has carried on billions of conversations over the past decade. But those exchanges were private. Most blogs are open to the world. As the bloggers read each other, comment, and link from one page to the next, they create a global conversation.
Picture the blog world as the biggest coffeehouse on Earth. Hunched over their laptops at one table sit six or seven experts in nanotechnology. Right across from them are teenage goths dressed in black and thoroughly pierced. Not too many links between those two tables. But the café goes on and on. Saudi women here, Labradoodle lovers there, a huge table of people fooling around with cell phones. Those are the mobile-photo crowd, busily sending camera-phone pictures up to their blogs.
The racket is deafening. But there's loads of valuable information floating around this cafe. Technorati, PubSub, and others provide the tools to listen. While the traditional Web catalogs what we have learned, the blogs track what's on our minds.
Why does this matter? Think of the implications for businesses of getting an up-to-the-minute read on what the world is thinking. Already, studios are using blogs to see which movies are generating buzz. Advertisers are tracking responses to their campaigns. "I'm amazed people don't get it yet," says Jeff Weiner, Yahoo's senior vice-president who heads up search. "Never in the history of market research has there been a tool like this."
Tuesday 9:12 p.m. Back to that coffeehouse. Sitting at one large table is a collection of some of the most gifted geeks you can imagine. These folks built the blogosphere. And they're using it to link with each other. They share ideas, test them, and get them up and running in a hurry. Many of them transform the network itself, making it more muscular—and disruptive.
The innovation that sends blogs zinging into the mainstream is RSS, or Really Simple Syndication. Five years ago, a blogger named Dave Winer, working with software originally developed by Netscape, created an easy-to-use system to turn blogs, or even specific postings, into Web feeds. With this system, a user could subscribe to certain blogs, or to key words, and then have all the relevant items land at a single destination. These personalized Web pages bring together the music and video the user signs up for, in addition to news. They're called "aggregators." Aggregators turned out to be powerhouses in their own right, just not the ones we expected. Google Reader turned into a staple for many bloggers. But lots of other types of aggregation popped up, much of it associated with different types of social media. At Digg and YouTube and MySpace, for example, people pull apart bits and pieces of information and put them together in ways that suit themselves. In this sense, everyone can be an "aggregator," and growing numbers of us are. For now, only about 5% of Internet users have set them up. But that number's sure to rise as Yahoo and Microsoft plug them.
In time, aggregators could turn the Web on its head. Why? They discourage surfing as users increasingly just wait for interesting items to drop onto their page or e-mailbox. Internet advertising, which traditionally counts on page views and clicks, could be thrown for a loop. Already Yahoo is packaging ads on the feeds. Google is testing the waters.
But here's the really insidious part. If you set up your own aggregator page, such as my.yahoo.com, and subscribe to feeds, you soon discover that blog and mainstream postings mingle side by side. Feeds zip through the walls between blogs and the rest of the information world. Blog posts are becoming just part of the mix, swimming on the same page with the Associated Press, and yes, BusinessWeek.
Winer also ushered in a second tech breakthrough, podcasting. We missed the corporate mammoth that was just about to amble into podcasting: Apple. Podcasting pioneer Tony Kahn, producer of Morning Stories, says that podcasting grew from 2,000 to 5,000 downloads a week to 340,000 a week after Apple's iTunes incorporated podcasts in 2005. After that wave of podcasting euphoria, it's scaled back to a healthy 150,000 downloads a month. The downside? It doesn't make money. A back-and-forth between Winer and Adam Curry, a blogger and former MTV host, led last year to a system that easily distributes audio files. Looking for National Public Radio's On the Media or the latest ska compilations from a disk jockey in Trinidad? Sign up on a Web page, and the program gets automatically delivered to you—as an audio feed. Last summer, Curry created software called iPodder so these MP3s could hitch a ride on an iPod (AAPL). That was the birth of podcasting: radio programming whenever and wherever you want it. Since then, some 5,000 podcasting shows have sprouted up. They cover everything from yoga to the blues.
It's an overnight sensation. Before podcasting, only about 150 people a month bothered to download the audio files of Morning Stories, a show on Boston's public station WGBH. After the station switched to podcasting in October? Eighty thousand. Chalk it up to the bloggers. They pushed podcasting to their own circles, and it grew from there. Even with the power of Apple behind it, podcasting really hasn't lived up to its potential as widespread community-produced radio. It turned out to be too technical for many to use, and too hard for most people to find good content. Many of the most popular podcasts are produced by pros, like those at NPR. Still, the audience is nothing to sneeze at. Research company eMarketer reckons the market for podcasts in the U.S. was 18.5 million people in 2007, and will reach 28 million in 2008. Advertising revenue for podcasts totaled $165 million last year.
11:48 p.m. One more idea. Think of TiVo (TIVO), think of the iPod. When you're using one of them, do you consider the company that provides the programming? CBS, for example? Not much. You're putting together your own package. The pieces come from lots of companies and artists. Often you don't even know where.
Aggregators do the same job for the Net. So, just like the record companies, which have figured out how to market bits and pieces of their albums as standalone songs and ringtones, the rest of the media and entertainment world is going to have to think small. Content, whether it's news or a Hollywood movie, is going to travel in bite-size nuggets. The challenge, for bloggers and giants alike, is to brand those nuggets and devise ways to sell them or wrap them in advertising.
Wednesday 6:31 a.m. A prediction: Part of the prediction came true. Blogs have become a staple of mainstream media. BusinessWeek has 20 of them. Publications of all sizes mix blog posts with other news, both online and in print. We're getting bloggier. And more and more publications are subscribing to services that link to related content. These links steer readers away from the media sites, which would have seemed unthinkable until recently for mainstream publishers. Why do it now? Because if sites provide interesting links, the thinking goes, readers will return. One telling example: The New York Times runs Blogrunner.com, a site that aggregates everything from Times articles to blog posts. Still, big media is not dominating blogs or social media by any stretch. No one is. At the same time, certain blogs are turning into influential and lucrative media businesses. Mainstream media companies will master blogs as an advertising tool and take over vast commercial stretches of the blogosphere. Over the next five years, this could well divide winners and losers in media. And in the process, mainstream media will start to look more and more like—you guessed it—blogs. Clay Shirky, a Web expert at New York University, calls it "an absorption process where the thing doing the absorbing changes."
Take a look at blog advertising today, and it's hard to see a glittering future. Sure, enterprising bloggers make room on their pages for Google-generated ads, known as AdSense, and earn some pocket change. Some blog entrepreneurs, such as Nick Denton, publisher of New York's Gawker Media, sell ads for everything from Nike to Absolut Vodka (FO). Popular blogs can land sponsorship deals for as much as $25,000 per month, say consultants. O.K. money for an entrepreneur, but a rounding error in the ad industry.
Blog power simply doesn't translate yet into big bucks. For now, it's running mostly on people's passion to communicate—especially in developing markets. Consider Hossein Derakhshan. He's a 28-year-old Iranian blogger based in Toronto. He has thousands of readers, and politicians respond to his postings—even as the Iranian government frantically tries to shut down the servers hosting his blog. Yet Derakhshan can't yet cash on his fame. "Google doesn't have AdSense service in Persian Still no AdSense in Persian, though it's offered in some 20 other languages. yet," he says.
Still, blogs could end up providing the perfect response to mass media's core concern: the splintering of its audience. Advertisers desperate to reach us need to tap niches (because we get together only once a year to watch the Super Bowl). By piggybacking on blogs, they can start working that vast blogocafé, table by table. Smart ones will get feedback, links to individuals—and their friends. That's every marketer's dream.
The big companies have what the bloggers lack. Scale, relations with advertisers, and large sales forces. Bloggers don't need a big sales force to sell blog advertising. They can farm out that work. Federated Media Publishing, an advertising network for social media, turned revenue of $22 million in 2007, according to its founder, John Battelle. Of that revenue, $14 million went to the bloggers and publishers. Of the 150 sites FM represents, some 15 of them are receiving $50,000 per month. But still, blogs represent far greater power in influence than money. TechCrunch, for example, while surely lucrative, is a major voice in Silicon Valley. They can use these forces to sell across all media, from general audience to bloggy niches. Already, Yahoo and Microsoft have been investing heavily to position themselves for niche advertising. And in February, the New York Times Co. (NYT) laid down $410 million for About Inc., a collection of 500 specialized Web sites that smell strongly of blogs. "What's to stop them from turning those 500 sites into 5,000?" About.com didn't even multiply by two, much less 10. A spokesperson says the company has grown to about 670 sites. says Dave Morgan, founder of TACODA Systems, an Internet advertising company.
Thursday 9 a.m. Hate to get wiggy here. But if the blogs eventually swallow up ad revenue, Blogs don't swallow most of the ad revenue. More of it disappears into search advertising and online classifieds, such as Craigslist and eBay. what's going to happen to us?
Yes, we, too, are under the gun. MSM, the bloggers call us. Mainstream media. And many of them delight in uncovering our errors, knocking us off that big pedestal we've occupied since the the first broadsheets started circulating.
We have to master the world of blogs, too. This isn't because they're taking away ad revenue, at least not yet, but because they represent millions of eyewitnesses armed with computers spread around the world. They are potential competitors—or editorial resources. Blogs are also a good tool to stretch a publication's content and expertise, to provide different angles on stories, and to venture into new forms of media. In a sense, blogs and related social media provide laboratories for experimentation, new products, and, above all, new relationships with readers and viewers.
Blog reporters showed their value following the Asian tsunami in December. Thousands of them posted pictures, video footage, and articles about the disaster long before the first accredited journalists showed up. MSNBC, which ran hours of tsunami footage on its Web site, has since opened an entire page devoted to citizens' journalism.
Dan Gillmor, who quit his San Jose newspaper job, is lining up investors for a new type of media company, Grassroots Media. Dan Gillmor's venture, Bayosphere, lasted only 11 months. Open-source journalism is still a work in progress. OhmyNews' revenue reached only $6 million in 2006, and its venture in Japan fell flat. He's interested in elements of an online journalism business in Korea, called OhmyNews. It mingles articles from 50 staff journalists with reports e-mailed and text-messaged in from thousands of citizen reporters. OhmyNews says it has been profitable for a year and a half and expects revenue this year of $10 million. "I keep hoping that all of the new conversational forms will augment the existing one," Gillmor says.
11:57 p.m. Thinking out of the box here for a minute. What would this article look like if it were a real blog, and not just this glossy simulacrum?
Think of the way we produce stories here. It's a closed process. We come up with an idea. We read, we discuss in-house, and then we interview all sorts of experts and take their pictures. We urge them not to spill the beans about what we're working on. It's a secret. Finally, we write. Then the story goes through lots and lots of editing. And when the proofreaders have had their last look, someone presses the button and we launch a finished product on the world.
If this were a real blog, we probably would have posted our story pitch on Day One, before we did any reporting. In the blog world, a host of experts (including many of the same ones we called for this story) would weigh in, telling us what's wrong, what we're overlooking. In many ways, it's a similar editorial process. But it takes place in the open. It's a discussion.
Why draw this comparison? In a world chock-full of citizen publishers, we mainstream types control an ever-smaller chunk of human knowledge. Some of us will work to draw in more of what the bloggers know, vetting it, editing it, and packaging it into our closed productions. But here's betting that we also forge ahead in the open world. The measure of success in that world is not a finished product. The winners will be those who host the very best conversations.
Friday 11 a.m. So why not start here? We've done our research on blogs, made our dire pronouncements. Pretty soon, someone in production will press the button. But this story should go on, as a conversation. And it will, starting on Apr. 22. We're launching our own blog to cover the business drama ahead, as blogging spreads into companies and redefines media. The blog's name? Blogspotting.net. See you there.
Baker is a senior writer for BusinessWeek in New York. Green is an associate editor for BusinessWeek .
Monday, July 14, 2008
"FACEBOOK NEVER FORGETS" - L.A. Times Opinion
Facebook Never Forgets How all those scandalous photos lingering on the Internet may affect future elections
By Maureen O'Connor and Jacob Savage
July 14, 2008
Discuss Article Imagine if the current crop of public figures had grown up during the Facebook era. We might have photos of John McCain in Florida slurping body shots off his stripper girlfriend. Barack Obama rolling a joint on a beach in Hawaii. George W. Bush passed out at a Yale frat party, 40-ounce beer bottles duct-taped to his hands. Hillary Rodham Clinton at a Wellesley peace rally, locking lips with her husband's future secretary of Labor, Robert Reich.
It's one thing to hear that your elected representative had a wild time in college. It's entirely different to have pictorial proof. Would you still vote for someone after viewing a photograph of him passed out in his own vomit?
This isn't just a thought experiment. The next generation of political leaders is coming of age right now -- and it's unlikely that any one of them will escape digital documentation of their college-era foibles.
Witness, for instance, the 2006 pictures sent to Wonkette.com of presidential nephew Pierce Bush, in which it's hard to tell what he's holding tighter: the sorority girls or his Bud Light. Or 18-year-old Antonio Villaraigosa Jr. -- son of the L.A. mayor -- bragging last summer on a Princeton Facebook discussion board about late-night boozing on a SoCal beach: "We had Bacardi, Bailey's Irish Cream and several Coronas. ... It was great until it got broken up by the po'..."
Our generation -- high schoolers, college students and recent graduates -- immortalizes the interesting and banal, the innocent and incriminating, all on the Internet. We update our Facebook status as often as we change our shoes, and upload party photos before the last reveler goes home. Nonparticipation is impossible: We file our job applications online and arrange first dates via e-mail. The upshot? America's standards for personal embarrassment, political scandal and appropriate disclosure are sure to change in the years to come.
The inbox at IvyGate, the Ivy League news-and-gossip blog we edit, fills daily with vicious gossip culled from forwarded e-mails, MySpace screen shots and candid pictures snapped by students' camera phones. Our tipsters are most often seeking an outlet for anger -- be it righteous or petty -- hoping to subject their targets to the one modern weapon mightier than the pen: a blog post gone viral.
Tipsters reveal their roommates' drug use, their sorority sisters' eating disorders, their classmates' laughable academic miscues. Our job is to decide which, if any, of these pieces of information is worth publishing. When the "mistake" was mutilating a squirrel and the "classmate" was running for student body president (as was the case last year at Princeton), that was clearly newsworthy.
For every tip we follow up, there are half a dozen we ignore. But we don't delete them, and neither do our peers. Should the subject ever become famous, you can bet there's incriminating evidence on a hard drive or server just waiting to explode into the blogosphere.
There are potentially hundreds of images (plenty of them unflattering) of every person between the ages of 18 and 30 floating around the Internet -- including your future congressman, city councilman or president.
If representative democracy is not to come to a standstill, we will get over it. Our generation -- Generation Facebook -- already understands this culture of scandal with far more nuance than our elders. We barely batted an eye over reports of Obama's admitted drug use or McCain's hasty and unsavory divorce.
And for all the cruelty involved in spreading online humiliation, we've seen it generate a fair amount of empathy as well. Last fall, Princeton's race for president of the undergraduate student government temporarily derailed when compromising images emerged of the front-runner, a spring-term junior. His white face completely covered in black paint, Josh Weinstein had been photographed grinning widely at a Halloween party his freshman year. He posted the pictures on his blog, though later removed them -- but someone had saved copies.
When IvyGate broke the story, our commenters expressed shock, outrage and schadenfreudic glee. But from the rabble of caps-locked condemnations rose a second and, ultimately, more powerful response: a desire to hear Weinstein's side. A few days later, hundreds of students stood hushed at a public forum where a tearful Weinstein traced the logic behind the costume and expressed regret for his misguided attempt at humor. He eventually won the endorsement of the Black Student Union and went on to beat his opponent in a landslide. The unsavory images were an issue, but they didn't overtake the election.
The Internet's anonymity, long memory and free-for-all gossip culture may yet prove a poisonous cocktail. But as our generation grows older and enters public life -- thankfully, we have some time -- we'll find ourselves in a political culture that increasingly views these "gotcha" moments in context and with an eye toward forgiveness. After all, the incriminating photo, the offensive blog post, that drunken 3 a.m. e-mail -- it could have been any of us.
Maureen O'Connor and Jacob Savage are editors at IvyGate.
By Maureen O'Connor and Jacob Savage
July 14, 2008
Discuss Article Imagine if the current crop of public figures had grown up during the Facebook era. We might have photos of John McCain in Florida slurping body shots off his stripper girlfriend. Barack Obama rolling a joint on a beach in Hawaii. George W. Bush passed out at a Yale frat party, 40-ounce beer bottles duct-taped to his hands. Hillary Rodham Clinton at a Wellesley peace rally, locking lips with her husband's future secretary of Labor, Robert Reich.
It's one thing to hear that your elected representative had a wild time in college. It's entirely different to have pictorial proof. Would you still vote for someone after viewing a photograph of him passed out in his own vomit?
This isn't just a thought experiment. The next generation of political leaders is coming of age right now -- and it's unlikely that any one of them will escape digital documentation of their college-era foibles.
Witness, for instance, the 2006 pictures sent to Wonkette.com of presidential nephew Pierce Bush, in which it's hard to tell what he's holding tighter: the sorority girls or his Bud Light. Or 18-year-old Antonio Villaraigosa Jr. -- son of the L.A. mayor -- bragging last summer on a Princeton Facebook discussion board about late-night boozing on a SoCal beach: "We had Bacardi, Bailey's Irish Cream and several Coronas. ... It was great until it got broken up by the po'..."
Our generation -- high schoolers, college students and recent graduates -- immortalizes the interesting and banal, the innocent and incriminating, all on the Internet. We update our Facebook status as often as we change our shoes, and upload party photos before the last reveler goes home. Nonparticipation is impossible: We file our job applications online and arrange first dates via e-mail. The upshot? America's standards for personal embarrassment, political scandal and appropriate disclosure are sure to change in the years to come.
The inbox at IvyGate, the Ivy League news-and-gossip blog we edit, fills daily with vicious gossip culled from forwarded e-mails, MySpace screen shots and candid pictures snapped by students' camera phones. Our tipsters are most often seeking an outlet for anger -- be it righteous or petty -- hoping to subject their targets to the one modern weapon mightier than the pen: a blog post gone viral.
Tipsters reveal their roommates' drug use, their sorority sisters' eating disorders, their classmates' laughable academic miscues. Our job is to decide which, if any, of these pieces of information is worth publishing. When the "mistake" was mutilating a squirrel and the "classmate" was running for student body president (as was the case last year at Princeton), that was clearly newsworthy.
For every tip we follow up, there are half a dozen we ignore. But we don't delete them, and neither do our peers. Should the subject ever become famous, you can bet there's incriminating evidence on a hard drive or server just waiting to explode into the blogosphere.
There are potentially hundreds of images (plenty of them unflattering) of every person between the ages of 18 and 30 floating around the Internet -- including your future congressman, city councilman or president.
If representative democracy is not to come to a standstill, we will get over it. Our generation -- Generation Facebook -- already understands this culture of scandal with far more nuance than our elders. We barely batted an eye over reports of Obama's admitted drug use or McCain's hasty and unsavory divorce.
And for all the cruelty involved in spreading online humiliation, we've seen it generate a fair amount of empathy as well. Last fall, Princeton's race for president of the undergraduate student government temporarily derailed when compromising images emerged of the front-runner, a spring-term junior. His white face completely covered in black paint, Josh Weinstein had been photographed grinning widely at a Halloween party his freshman year. He posted the pictures on his blog, though later removed them -- but someone had saved copies.
When IvyGate broke the story, our commenters expressed shock, outrage and schadenfreudic glee. But from the rabble of caps-locked condemnations rose a second and, ultimately, more powerful response: a desire to hear Weinstein's side. A few days later, hundreds of students stood hushed at a public forum where a tearful Weinstein traced the logic behind the costume and expressed regret for his misguided attempt at humor. He eventually won the endorsement of the Black Student Union and went on to beat his opponent in a landslide. The unsavory images were an issue, but they didn't overtake the election.
The Internet's anonymity, long memory and free-for-all gossip culture may yet prove a poisonous cocktail. But as our generation grows older and enters public life -- thankfully, we have some time -- we'll find ourselves in a political culture that increasingly views these "gotcha" moments in context and with an eye toward forgiveness. After all, the incriminating photo, the offensive blog post, that drunken 3 a.m. e-mail -- it could have been any of us.
Maureen O'Connor and Jacob Savage are editors at IvyGate.
Saturday, February 2, 2008
Sunday, January 20, 2008
Point Smart, Click Safe!!!
When I was about 11 or 12 years old, my friend told me that In-and-Out Burger had a secret menu, and that I could find it on the website. I typed in inandout.com and got a sexy menu instead. Can someone say animal style? To make matters worse, my mother walked in the room to find a flash XXX banner at the top of the screen. Watch your kids folks. Make sure they're not wandering off into less wholesome cyber territories.
pointsmartclicksafe.org
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